Brain Stem Essay - 750 Words

Brain stem is considered to be one of the most primitive parts of the brain that is crucial to human survival. As thoroughly explicated by most scholars and anatomist throughout the centuries, it regulates the most fundamental physiological activities of the human body which are essential for maintaining and sustaining life. This is how each function is utilized in medical practice to define death through different research and experiments. Brain stem regulates alertness, arousal, breathing, blood pressure, digestion, heart rate and other autonomic functions. (Lawrence, 2006) It also contains most of the 12 cranial nerves responsible for sensory and motor functions of the face and special senses, meaning hearing, vision, taste, smell and†¦show more content†¦Net ( 2010), â€Å"For many years the subventricular zone has been suspected to be the origin of specific malignant brain tumors called gliomas, the most deadly type of which is glioblastoma.† (To Function, Brain Stem Cells May Rely on a Specific Molecule, para. 2). Researchers have shown that brain stem cells in the subvetricular zone have been characterized a certain molecule called Protein Tlx. It is a transcription factor that stimulates the activity of various genes as stated by Stem Cell Digest.Net. They used mice during this experiment and when they tested adult mice; they found out that Tlx was expressed solely in its brain stem cell. When the scientists switched off Tlx, they discovered that there were no hidden stem cells in the brain and the neurons stopped or ceased. In reference to Stem Cell Digest.Net; recent studies by teams headed by Professor Gà ¼nter Schutz, and Professor Peter Lichter in Germany at the German Cancer Research Center tested the opposite of the above mentioned experiment. They did about everything the same except theyShow MoreRelatedCan Stem Cells Help Heal Brain Injuries?1066 Words   |  5 Pages Can Stem Cells Help Heal Brain Injuries? Arfa Musaddaq Ms. Meng Sun Biology 30 January 7, 2016 Introduction: Brain injury is a devastating condition associated with trauma, multiple sclerosis or stroke. Successful therapy must be done to overcome this, the associated loss of neurones and supporting glial cells as complex intercellular connections. This scary challenge can be addressed using stem cells because stem cells can regenerate and repair the delicate injured tissue. 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Feasibility Study Research Paper Free Essays

Executive summary The mill will be called Nyc Sugar incorporated with the meaning of bringing back the real sweet flavor of sugar into the market. The mill will have its own plant located at Ibayo, Balanga city, Bataan. This site is selected because of its strategic position, where the supplies of public and private services are adequate and the raw materials are readily available. We will write a custom essay sample on Feasibility Study Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now The need of the sugar mill company is to solve the problem of sugar shortages which increases day by day in this city and also try to deal with unemployment problems which increases with time here in Bataan. This will be achieved by creating more employment opportunities for the young generation living in the city as well as outside. Raw materials Normally sugar is used as an additive to tea and may also be added in the production of sugary products. The main raw material will be sugarcane which will undergo the following production stages. a. Harvesting of the sugarcane from the farm b. Crashing of the sugarcane to get the contents c. Drying of the contents to obtain solid sugar products d. Packaging and branding and latter transporting to the market The plant will have its own sugarcane plantation near the firm as it is budgeted that about 2/3 of the total land area of the firm will be used as the plantation square and the rest will be for infrastructure. Transportation The plant will be located in Ibaya near Balanga city where transport in not a major problem and therefore workers will easily access the plant and the transportation of the processed sugar will also be easily delivered to the market. Project long term objective The firm shall stick to its mission of providing the best of sugar and products to the customers and ensure that it maintains the best ethical standards in the production process. It should positively respond to the environmental needs of the society and if there will be expansion needs; it will be done without overlooking its primary objectives. Financing It is expected that most of the fund will come from the shares owned by the stockholders or the owners and incase the funds from the shares will not be able to cover up the firm’s primal expenses, the firm will then obtain loans from financial institutions to cover up the extra expenses for optimal production. Market study and demand and supply Since Bataan is geographically situated near Philippines centre, the sugar products can be transported to the neighboring provinces in the country like Manila which is a leading distributor of sugar will be a great recipient of the sugar product. The establishment of this firm will be of great help as it will increase the supply of sugar, and also lessen the importation of sugar which makes sugar expensive In the Bataan. Marketing strategy, scale and volume There will be a vigorous effort to secure a market before a commitment is even made to build the mill if it would be most desirable to have the financial participation of one or more major users who can guarantee the purchase of the substantial portion of the procedure production. The receiving of the raw materials supply will as well be considered. The firm is budgeted to have a production line which will represent about 800,000 tons per unit day which will heavily depend on the production conditions. Pricing and consumer surveys Pricing will follow the established market prices and practices which are usually determined by the forces of demand and supply, however because of sugar uncertainty of sugar product during the start up period, some price concessions will be made in order to break into the market. Industry and competition Since Nyc sugar mill will not be alone in the production of sugar, we have hereby come up with the following competition strengths. a. The branding name Nyc will be a strategy of welcoming even more customers to come and feel the niceness of our sugar. b. The packaging size will start as little as a half-kilogram bag up to 10kg to cater for all possible users irrespective of financial capability as opposed to other sugar producing firms which package from 1kg to 5kg. The response of the packaging strategy may give our firm an upper hand in the market resulting into more sales and therefore higher profits. Business model In the business model, it is expected that the firm will earn most of its money from the recurring sales of finished sugar products and selling permissions. We will market our products to the public through ventures like advertising and also increase sales through the pricing strategy. Operating facilities, equipment and staff Major equipments in the firm will be sugar processing machines which will be located in the factory. Again the firm will need to build infrastructure like paths and buildings. Below will be the required staff members in the board of directors -Chairman of the board Maintenance and material director -Sales director -Production director The firm will see to it that the accountants are licensed by the Professional Regulation Commission in their respective professions and all persons have at least an experience in their respective jobs. The accountant will be responsible for the preparation of the books of accounts, the sales director will assist in selling and finding markets and the production director will be responsible for production and ensuring productivity of processes. Waste disposal Among the various methods of waste materials disposal will include the following a. Elimination of the source. This will involve a careful attention of the source of pollutants b. Recovery of waste products. This will involve deciding on how to discard waste materials c. Waste treatment. Effect of laws and risks The firm will have to comply with the laws regarding environmental pollution and control and this will include payment of any fees if any from the international environmental control unit. To deal with risks, the firm would put across some extra funds to cater for risks resulting from factors like economic changes and increased competition. How to cite Feasibility Study Research Paper, Essays

Computer Use in Modern Workplaces

Question: Discuss about theComputer Use in Modern Workplaces. Answer: Introduction In this world, human are the superior race, and they are the superior creature who are dominating the earth in their terms, but these human beings become blind when we don't have the particular technology to do work. There was a time when all human beings in the earth to work on their own without taking help of any other material but today we all human beings need help to do single work that might be calculating or designing a project. The technology which helps us in our daily life is called the computer. The machine which was created by the humans but without the machine, the human beings is also nothing. A computer is a machine which is required in our daily life because it helps us to save our time, save our energy and also helps us to produce the perfect work with the help of the computer. In one a single sentence, we can call computer is a complex calculator. A computer is a machine which we keep in all places like office and homes. In that case, if we have to carry a computer then it is impossible to carry a computer with us, in that case, we can have a laptop which I portable in size and can be carried anywhere where everyone wants to carry with yourself. From these, we can Say that computer is the another mind of human beings in this 21st century. Hardware Components and Software Components Regarding computer language, the hardware is the body part of the computer, and the software is the soul of the computer which controls the computer with the programming. The hardware materials which are used by the computers are: motherboard, processor, ram, hard disk, sound card, graphics card, cooler fan, monitor, keyboard and mouse are the important parts or the hardware of the computer. There is some specification of the hardware and categories which are needed to run a computer. Motherboards are the brain of the computer which installs the programming and runs the computer (Certo, 2015). There is some high performance which is available in the market to build the better computer for working and gaming. The top motherboards which are available in the market those are gigabyte Aorus Ga, ASROCK Z270 killer, ASUS ROGMAximos and MSI PRO series. These are the motherboards which are super efficient in programming. This is the new generation motherboards which are upgraded to modern pr ogramming. On the other hands if we talk about processors then it is the heart of the computer because without the processor a computer is dead. It helps to operate each and every hardware and software in the machine (Nilsson and Holmr, 2003). They are several processors which are manufactured by Intel those are Celeron: Celeron is the cheapest processor for the desktops and the laptops. This processor is only used in the low-grade computers to operate only documents and low-grade application. Pentium: Pentium is the upgraded version of the Celeron. This processor is useful not only for operating documents but much other application can be installed in this setup. Dual core processors: Dual core processors are the upgraded processors and these processors are widely used in many computers. This is also the cheapest processor, but it is more useful than Pentium and Celeron. Intel i3 processors: these are the high graded processors used in all types of desktop and laptops. Though they are the costly processor, it has a lot of utility for working. Intel i5 processors: these are the professional processors for professional works. It is a complete gaming processor. These processors are also useful for film editing and after effects. Intel i7 processors: This is the superior of all processors of all times. This is the ultimate professional processor manufactured by Intel to run all types of application and programming in the machine. This the costliest processor ever launched by Intel for personal computers. These are used by the professionals like the film maker, editor, gamer and other people from different kinds of professions. Rather than processors and the motherboards there are other kinds of features which are available in the hardware section those are ram and hard disk RAM: the full form or the complete term of RAM is random access memory. These are needed to store all kinds of important data to the computer. These are the main hardware which runs all kinds of software or application on the computer. RAM can be expanding from 2 GB to 8 GB. Hard Disk: Hard disk is the main storage capacity of the computer where all kinds of data are stored the hard disk can be expanding from 30 GB to 1000 GB. These are the information of the internal hard disk. There are external hard disks which are also available to upgrade the storage capacity. That hard disk can be expanding from 500 GB to 5000 GB. Benefits and Limitations The benefits of the computer are to decrease the work pressure and make the process of the work more smooth and tidy. It all depends upon the work or the business the person is going. The computer is not only used for calculating or doing other works. It is useful for creating a presentation or making any other products details. On the other hand, there are several data which we all wants to keep it safe, and for that, we have made several copies of that documents, in that case, we can store the original copy of the documents on the computer and can take the print out of the documents as many as we can. It helps to restore the documents and other information we want to keep (Coakes and Steed, 2009). In the world of filmmaking computer is the vital device to make a film. The computer is mainly used to restore the shots, editing the film, sound recording and sound editing. Scientist or the software developers use the computer to develop or invent new kinds of software. Or they can run a different kind of programming on the desktop. By the help of the computer, we can know many things, and it can ease the pressure of the work easily. On the other hand, the uses of the computer are not only for the official work it is used by the students also. There are many people who use to become gamers by playing several of games. The gaming is also a profession, and it runs much life. There are many games which are very much competitive and very much professional (Paraskeva et al. 2008). On the other hands if we talk about the limitation then we must say that the computer doesn't have any limitation for work or presentation. It is enabling to do all kinds of work. And it works as per our wish. The computer just needs the software up gradation and the functions which are required to run the programme on the computer. But there is some problem regarding the programme at. First, we need the right configured desktop which will be able to run any programme, but if we don't have the right configured desktop, it will have some limitation in their work. The limitation regarding the machine has been done the humans only because it is not possible for every desktop to have every kind of future inside them. This concept will hurt the business of computers technology. Because I am not possible for the computer maker or input all kind of function inside the desktop the reason behind it that the costing will not support the makers and the buyers, so the maker uses to manufacture a different kind of functions for the different kind of customers. Here is the limitation of the desktop or the computer which are used in our daily life (Juul-Kristensen and Jensen, 2005). There is several software or application which will not support in all kind of the computer. For example, the computers which are very much backdated that type of computer doesnt support the current version of the Windows. For example, the computers which are manufactured after 2010 those computers support Windows 10 and the computer which are manufactured before 2010 those computers only support Windows XP or the Vista these are supported by the low grade or the backdated computers. So from here, it can be understandable that what are the benefits and the limitations of the computers in the modern day world (Mummery et al. 2005). Advantage and the Disadvantage of the Computer The computer has made a positive impact on the society because the use of the computer has saved the lot of time and energy f the human beings in the modern day world. Nowadays the company use keeps and every detailed information and records of the business and the customer in the computer. The computer helps to boost the economic structure of the company from one place to another because the computer saves a lot of tie of the employer and needs the minuscule group of employers t handle the job. Nowadays with the help of the internet the computer uses to transfer money from one account to the account. This process is called the online banking. This is an advantage for the customers where they can check their balance online rather going to the bank. On the other hand, the computer is used by the student for the educational purpose. There are many researchers who use the internet for the researching material (Ryan and Bernard, 2000). On the other hand, there is a lot of disadvantage regarding the computer because the computer is the main factor for the unemployment. The computer decreases the working load of the employer, and by the help of the computer, the efficiency of the human is not so useful because the computer is managing all kinds of work. We can say that that the computer is they wastage of time for the kids who are always interest t play games and tries to watch the movie this type of things are the useless feature of the computer though it has the usefulness, in the working field it has no work to do (Sharma, 2000). Danger of Using Computer The biggest issue or the problem regarding the computer is the health issues. This is the main issue which harms the physical ability of the body. Working for a long in front f the computer can damage the eyes or the other body material. It can harm the backbone y sitting the long hour in front of the computer. There are other side effects or issues also that can ruin the price of the kids. Playing games is the biggest danger for a student career; watching adult contents on the internet which is the biggest threat to the students at the school level (Kothari et al. 2009). So in this discussion, we came to know about all kinds of problems regarding the computer and its uses. Here the project was done upon the uses of computer in the modern day; it is a benefit and the advantage. So I have tried to give you the best information about the computer in this project. Reference Certo, S., 2015.Supervision: Concepts and skill-building. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Coakes, S.J. and Steed, L., 2009.SPSS: Analysis without anguish using SPSS version 14.0 for Windows. John Wiley Sons, Inc.. Juul-Kristensen, B. and Jensen, C., 2005. Self-reported workplace related ergonomic conditions as prognostic factors for musculoskeletal symptoms: the BIT follow up study on office workers.Occupational and environmental medicine,62(3), pp.188-194. Kothari, S.P., Li, X. and Short, J.E., 2009. The effect of disclosures by management, analysts, and business press on cost of capital, return volatility, and analyst forecasts: A study using content analysis.The Accounting Review,84(5), pp.1639-1670. Mummery, W.K., Schofield, G.M., Steele, R., Eakin, E.G. and Brown, W.J., 2005. Occupational sitting time and overweight and obesity in Australian workers.American journal of preventive medicine,29(2), pp.91-97. Nilsson, H.O. and Holmr, I., 2003. Comfort climate evaluation with thermal manikin methods and computer simulation models.Indoor Air,13(1), pp.28-37. Paraskeva, F., Bouta, H. and Papagianni, A., 2008. Individual characteristics and computer self-efficacy in secondary education teachers to integrate technology in educational practice.Computers Education,50(3), pp.1084-1091. Ryan, G.W. and Bernard, H.R., 2000. Data management and analysis methods. Sharma, S., 2000. Managerial interpretations and organizational context as predictors of corporate choice of environmental strategy.Academy of Management journal,43(4), pp.681-697.

Realism And Theatre Essays - Drama, Films, 19th-century Theatre

Realism And Theatre Realism is the movement toward representing reality as it is, in art. Realistic drama is an attempt to portray life on stage, a movement away from the conventional melodramas and sentimental comedies of the 1700s. It is expressed in theatre through the use of symbolism, character development, stage setting and storyline and is exemplified in plays such as Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House and Anton Chekhov's The Three Sisters. The arrival of realism was indeed good for theatre as it promoted greater audience involvement and raised awareness of contemporary social and moral issues. It also provided and continues to provide a medium through which playwrights can express their views about societal values, attitudes and morals. A Doll's House is the tragedy of a Norwegian housewife who is compelled to challenge law, society and her husband's value system. It can be clearly recognized as a realistic problem drama, for it is a case where the individual is in opposition to a hostile society. Ibsen's sympathy with the feminine cause has been praised and criticized; as he requires the audience to judge the words and actions of the characters in order to reassess the values of society. The characters in A Doll's House are quite complex and contradictory, no longer stereotypes. In Act II, Nora expresses her repulsion about a fancy dress worn to please Torvald (her husband): "I wish I'd torn it to pieces"; she attempts to restore it and resign herself to her situation right after: "I'll ask Mrs Linde to help". In Act III, Torvald ignores his wife's plea for forgiveness in order to make a moral judgement: "You've killed my happiness.You've destroyed my future". "I can never trust you again." Later on in the same act, he contradicts himself: "I'll change. I can change-"; much after Nora confronts him: "Sit here, Torvald. We have to come to terms". "...There's a lot to say". Here, Ibsen shows us he has worked in depth with the psychology of the characters, giving them a sense of complexity and realism. Playgoers therefore recognize the revelation of characters through memory. Thus drama became an experience closely impinging on the conscience of the audience. Ibsen was also unique for his use of symbolism to assist realism on stage. Symbolic significance is presented through the detail of design, props and actions of the characters. For example, in Act III, Nora goes offstage to get changed; "I'm changing. No more fancy dress". It is a symbolic representation of her personal change, one where she has come to the realization that she has been living the life of a doll, confined to the roles of a "featherbrain", "plaything", "dove", "skylark" and "songbird". Thus, symbolism enhanced realism, and its effect can be seen as positive in the sense that it stirred conscious awareness of values. The stage settings of A Doll's House are an integral part of the theatrical design, and not mere d?cor to be overlooked. The setting in Act II; "...the Christmas tree stands stripped of its decorations and with its candles burnt to stumps" is symbolic of the lack of happiness in Nora's life at that moment. Also the change of setting in Act III; "The tables and chairs have been moved centre" foreshadows a character change that will take place in Nora. The many references to doors also have significance beyond the stage directions. The play begins with the opening of the door and finishes with the "slamming" of the door. Nora enters the doll's house with the values of society and departs from it, symbolizing her rejection of them. All these intricacies of play settings and characters depict realism on stage. Ultimately, it has been good for theatre because it presents the playwright's ideas in interesting and original ways. Realism, as expressed through symbolism, also draws the attention of the audience, thus stimulating moral thought, and stirring reaction. Realism is also defined as art-imitating life (source). This is a fitting account of Anton Chekhov's plays, for they tend to show the stagnant, helpless quality of Russian society in the late C19th. Quite evident in The Three Sisters, when Tuzenbakh illustrates realism; "The suffering we see around us these days - and there's plenty of it - is at least a sign that society has reached a certain moral level." Hence, while the portrayal of life here seemed 'gloomy and pessimestic', it was still good for theatre in that it presented issues which audiences could identify with. It was also more intellectual theatre when the playwright could express their views, compared with the conventional

Anatomy and Physiology essays

Anatomy and Physiology essays One of the functions of respiration is powering of the speech production mechanism. It provides energy source for oral communication. When the volume of the chest cavity increases/expands, air is inhaled into the lungs by the way of either the mouth or nose and trachea. An increase in the volume of the chest may be affected through a downward, contracting movement of the diaphragm; through an upward, outward movement of the lower ribs; or through a combination of both. The volume of the chest cavity increases as the air pressure decreases or the volume of the chest cavity decreases as the air pressure increases (Boyles Law). In breathing for ordinary life processes, the periods of inhalation and exhalation are approximately equal. Breathing for speech, however, usually requires a longer period of exhalation than that of inhalation. Manner of production refers to the way the speech mechanism modifies the voiced or voiceless air stream. For voiced sounds, the vocal cords are he ld together by the action of the arytenoid cartilages, but they are held together less tightly than for a glottal stop. When air is forced up the trachea from the lungs, at a certain pressure it is able to force its way through the vocal folds, pushing them open. As air passes through the glottis, the air pressure in the glottis falls, because when a gas or liquid runs through a constricted passage, its velocity increases. This increase in velocity results in a drop in pressure of that gas or liquid (The Bernoulli Principle). Because of the drop in pressure, the vocal folds snap together, at the lower edge first, closing again. We perceive variations in the overall rate of vibration as changes in the pitch of the voice. For unvoiced sounds the vocal folds are abducted. Air can flow between them without being obstructed, so that no noise is produced by the larynx. If there is a sufficiently high rate of airflow through the open glottis, a qui...

The Inventor of Mass-Producing Steel Henry Bessemer

The Inventor of Mass-Producing Steel Henry Bessemer Sir Henry Bessemer, an Englishman, invented the first process for mass-producing  steel  inexpensively in the 19th century. It was an essential contribution to the development of modern day skyscrapers. The First System for Manufacturing Steel An American, William Kelly, initially held a patent for a system of air blowing the carbon out of pig iron, a method of steel production known as the pneumatic process. Air was blown through molten pig iron to oxidize and remove unwanted impurities. This was Bessemer’s starting point. When Kelly went bankrupt, Bessemer – who had been working on a similar process for making steel – bought his patent. Bessemer patented a decarbonization process utilizing a blast of air in 1855. Modern Steel Modern steel is made using technology based on Bessemers process. On the making of the first steel ingot, Bessemer said: I well remember how anxiously I awaited the blowing of the first 7-cwt. charge of pig iron. I had engaged an ironfounders furnace attendant to manage the cupola and the melting of the charge. When his metal was nearly all melted, he came to me  and said hurriedly, Where be going to put the metal, maister? I said, I want you to run it by a gutter into that little furnace, pointing to the converter, from which you have just raked out all the fuel, and then I shall blow cold air through it to make it hot.The man looked at me in a way in which surprise and pity for my ignorance seemed curiously blended, and  he said, It will soon be all of a lump. Notwithstanding this prediction, the metal was run in, and I awaited with much impatience the result. The first element attacked by the atmospheric oxygen is the silicon, generally present in pig iron to the extent of 1 1/2 to 2 percent; it is the white metallic substance of which flint is the acid silicate. Its combustion furnishes a great deal of heat, but it is very undemonstrative, a few sparks and hot gases only indicating the fact that something is going quietly on.But after an interval of 10 or 12 minutes, when the carbon contained in grey pig iron to the extent of about 3 percent is seized on by the oxygen, a voluminous white flame is produced which rushes out of the openings provided for its escape from the upper chamber, and it brilliantly illuminates the whole space around. This chamber proved a perfect cure for the rush of slags and metal from the upper central opening of the first converter. I watched with some anxiety for the expected cessation of the flame as the carbon gradually burnt out. It took place almost suddenly, and thus indicated the entire decarburisation of the metal.The furnace was then tapped, when out rushed a limpid stream of incandescent malleable iron, almost too brilliant for the eye to rest upon. It was allowed to flow vertically into the parallel undivided ingot mould. Then came the question, would the ingot shrink enough, and the cold iron mould expand enough, to allow the ingot to be pushed out? An interval of eight or 10 minutes was allowed, and then, on the application of hydraulic force to the ram, the ingot rose entirely out of the mould and stood there ready for removal. Bessemer was knighted in 1879 for his contributions to science. The Bessemer Process for mass-producing steel was named after him. Robert Mushet is credited with inventing tungsten steel in 1868, and Henry Brearly invented stainless steel in 1916.

Wester Civilization II paper #1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wester Civilization II paper #1 - Essay Example The Prince by Machiavelli focuses on the dos and don’ts of a prince. According to him, a prince is not a public entity so his activities and life style should never be conventional like his subjects. According to Machiavelli, a prince always needs to build a kind of aura around him so that he can be easily identified someone superior and above the average human lot. The focus on the activity of a prince or the head of the state reshaped the treaty a lot and made the doctrine on one of the most valuable treaties of the political theory and diplomatic strategy. Machiavelli’s ‘The Prince’ focuses further on the military duty of a Prince. It also deals with the functional and the compositional aspect of the various troops with the special focus on the Mercenaries. The book is also focused on detecting and scrutinizing the reason behind appraisal or criticism of a man and especially that of a prince. The doctrine deals with the theory of cruelty or clemency and decides whether it is better to get love or to be feared. The other three important facets on which the treaty focuses are the way; the world of a Prince should be kept, the process by which he should acquire reputation and the impact of destiny of humans and the way to fight with it. All these theories and diplomatic treaties suggested in the book under any circumstance w ill help a prince to rule his kingdom with full sovereignty and have a stable government in his province. Machiavelli’s ‘The Prince’ is considered as the most important political work of the period. There is no second opinion regarding the effectiveness of the book but then the book also gained its pinnacle of popularity during the renaissance period because the book reflected largely about the political situation of the period and discussed issues to pacify the situation in Italy and particularly in Florence. Although there were numerous city – states by the beginning of the fifteenth

Discrimination Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Discrimination Law - Case Study Example Despite the fact that it is one of the most important types of the law in the UK, it nevertheless is widely regarded as one of the most cumbersome, inconsistent and complex legislation. This is due to the fact that that the person might be discriminated on many reasons and sometimes it might be difficult to distinguish between actual discrimination and legitimate actions that employer might take in the interest of the company. However, one should consider two main types of discrimination- sex and racial discrimination in order to evaluate the efficiency of the current anti discriminatory legislation in the United Kingdom; moreover, the British anti discrimination legislation should conform to the anti-discriminatory legislation of the EU. The case of Bilka-Kaufhaus GmbH v. Karin Weber Von Hartz is widely regarded as one of the most important cases in the anti-discriminatory legislation practice of the EU. One should recall the main features of this case. According to the documents provided in the case Bilka 1(which was a supermarket at the Western Germany) had occupational scheme for the workers employed by it. Despite the fact that scheme had been changed several times it was still regarded as an indispensable part of the contracts signed between workers and employers. Since 1973 the contract had stipulated that part-time workers could receive pensions only if they worked full time at least 15 years in the period of twenty years. Mrs Weber( who was working part-time) brought litigation against Bilka claiming that the above mentioned methods of paying pension was the violation of the article 119 of the EEC treaty (as this methods of the payments, in her opinion discriminated women against men, as women were more likely to be employed part time in order to look after their children). Bilka refuted these allegations and asserted that there were strong economic grounds for excluding part time workers from its pension's scheme, as the employment of full time workers lowered ancillary cost and provided more opportunities for the using of staff throughout all opening hours. According to the information provided by the company it paid 81.3 percent of its pensions to women, whereas women constituted only 72 percent of its work force, thus in view of Bilka's representatives there was no sex discrimination in the scheme mentioned. The case was still being considered at the Bundesarbeitsgericht and the court provided the following questions: whether there was indirect discrimination in the scope of the article 119 of the treaty and whether the company should modify the scheme so to accommodate workers who had to look after their families. In view of the representatives of the United Kingdom the scheme mentioned did not violate the article of 119 of the treaty as this article did not regulate the issue mentioned, moreover citing the case of Defrenne v Sabena, ECR they claimed that article 119 regulated pay discrimination between men and women and thus it could not be applied to other elements of employment. It also claimed that Council Directive on the implementation of the principles of equal pay between men and women that was submitted by the commission on 5 May, 1983 was the proof of the fact that the pension schemes were covered not by the article 119, but rather by Articles 117 and 118. Nevertheless, the Commission hold the view that the schemes mentioned fell within the scope of

Heart Disease Essay Example for Free

Heart Disease Essay Our body is composed of many organs and all of those organs are important. One of them is our heart. Heart played a great role in our body because it pumps the blood coming from our vessels throughout the parts of our body. Though there are still some people who are over using their hearts that can lead to some major heart problems. These problems are like heart attack, malfunction of our heart or even slowing of our heart rate. These kinds of heart problems can also be develop thru some diseases like diabetes and obesity. Obesity can occur because of lack in health or food diet and also lack of exercise everyday. Balance diet and lifestyle like exercising is a good habit to avoid obesity. Thought, thru this many things we are doing in this life it seems to be so complicated. From the day we wake up until to our work and back again at night. Yet, our heart can never be compare for what id did for us, working 24 hours a day, 7 times a week, 30 days a month and so on. For this reason, it was found out that unusual feelings or emotions may lead to some malfunction of our heart. Emotional stress is one of the problems due to some problems like in our family, work, or even in our personal relationship. If emotional stress often occurs to our self, it may produce various transient cardiovascular responses leading to some changes like heart rate then eventually develop to heart disease like heart attack. Then, changes in our heart rate will lead to risk for high blood and improper function of our heart. For this reason, we need to learn how to manage our stress to lesser the risk of heart failure. We need to realize that being frustrated or disappointed to little things like for example, giving other meaning on what we see or hear from other people may cause stress. For this instance, it is advice to always look on both parties and truly accept the opinions of others to lesser the tension that may lead to stress. Giving time for our self like walking around and having some exercise everyday may be a better help. Making negative things to positive way and being calm in every criticism we hear is a good help in relieving our emotions to stress. We need also to learn that we are the one who take control of our selves, that we have the choice if we let those negative things destroy us or make us better. Depression and hopelessness like being alone and losing faith and hope in things will not help to solve our problem instead may affect our heart and sometimes may lead to heart attack. Though there are times that it may also lead to develop some other diseases like diabetes and obesity that can increase risk in heart problem. Emotional trauma due to some death, accident and even because of different abuses can also trigger the risk of heart failure or even death. Since the person may also undergo in depression and hopelessness at this stage and for that reason they need accompaniment. If these cases occur, we need to ask some professional help or advices from a doctor because this kind of problems are too serious and need some attention from a professional person to avoid more complicated things to happen. For the reason that emotional problems is the leading reason of heart failure, doctors have advices that we need to be aware in everything we do, say or act even its physically, mentally or emotionally because it can affect our health in different way like heart failure. Doctors also recommended that the physiological factors that affect our health can never be cure or solve by other people instead by our selves only. People have different way in controlling ourselves and it only depends on us how to manage and handle it. We need to realize that sometimes, thinking too many especially unnecessary things may affect our emotions. We also need to always remember that if we allow those feeling to overcome us, it can just destroy us because it gives a lot of problems to us like health problems and in reality we can just let those bad thought to just pass away. We need to always remember that we are not on the world of imagination or thinking impossible things instead we are in a real world that even its complicated, its worthwhile living because its real. Painful and disabling headaches seem to be ignored to be just a simple one but in reality it needs much attention. It is because it can develop to some more complicated diseases that can more damage our brain system like migraine which can affect both sides of our brain that bring a lot of pain called headache. Too much and continues headache without paying attention by the person experiencing it   brought by migraine can damage our health that can lead to brain damage or even tumor in our brain that can cause to a death of one’s patient. Headache is also accompanied by vomiting, nausea and sensitivity to noise, smell and light. If one person is experiencing migraine, he/she can be experiencing â€Å"aura† that includes dizziness, double vision and changes in your vision while others can also experience migraine without aura call common migraine. One person can have a migraine through his/her heritage, it can also develop through the hard activities we had, through alcohol consumptions, through little or too much sleep, also through women who undergo menstruation and sometimes thru the psychological influences that our lifestyle brought to us. Though even researchers haven’t yet prove the psychological influences it brought in developing migraine, but still the factors that have been considered played a great role in curing or preventing migraine. Examples of these psychological influences are thinking of negatives things, frightening, angry, self demeaning and thinking a lot of unnecessary things. Thru these feelings, stress and depression may occur that can more trigger the migraine of one’s person because it affects our brain system. It affects our brain system because migraine is developed through out brain that leads to headache and if our brain is over work already plus more the things that we are thinking or experiencing, it can more trigger our migraine. These things are the psychological factors that influence a lot the development of migraine is one’s person. Treatments for this kind of disease is still undergoing research for scientist and doctors but some medicine like painkillers is been using for the patients because it can lower down the pain that the patient is experiencing. Though, through those psychological factors in developing migraine, treatment or even prevention can be applied. Doctors have found out that having a good lifestyle can be a good solution in curing or even preventing migraine. Example, having a good and right diet in the foods that we are eating can be a good key to have good nutrient for our body to fight for those bacteria’s and viruses that are causing migraine. Having a lifestyle also that is full of love and patient can be a good process in preventing anger and negative feeling to be in our thoughts that can lead to stress and even depressions. In conclusion, though psychological factors are not yet proven in preventing or curing migraine, it still played a great role in some major health problems we are experiencing like heart problem. Psychological factors also is a very safe way in having a good health because it doesn’t involve any taking of medicine because we all know that even good medicines have side effects. Psychological factors also a good key in preventing those diseases because those psychological aspects that may lead to some disease can be prevented by our own selves only. It is just through our self control to the things we are doing, saying, acting or even thinking. It is just a matter of self discipline in all things that we are doing. We need to remember that if we like to have good health, we need to take care of our self too. Health is never been precious than any things in this world. So, let’s take care of our self to prevent those diseases in destroying us. REFERENCES http://www.advocatehealth.com/system/info/library/articles/heartcare/howorks.html http://health.yahoo.com/headache-overview/migraine-headaches-topic-overview/healthwise==hw116876.html.

Victorian Social Reform in Britain :: European Europe History

Victorian Social Reform in Britain When considering the changes brought about in the social policy of Great Britain, in the decades immediately either side of 1900, one must look at the nation `s industrial history. The position as the world` s premier industrial nation had been cemented by the mid nineteenth century, achieved in part, as it was the first nation to industrialise. However, the headlong embrace of laissez- faire capitalism ignored the social infrastructure, and the emigration from the depressed agricultural areas to the industrial areas caused immense strain on the poorly-planned towns and cities. At the dawn of industrialisation, there were those who expressed concern about the health and hygiene of the dense industrial areas, notably Freidrich Engels, whose study of Manchester and London in 1844 collated in "Conditions of The Working Class in England" painted a truly dismal picture of urban squalor and hopelessness. " Such is the Old Town of Manchester, and on re-reading my description, I am forced to admit that instead of being exaggerated, it is far from black enough to convey a true impression of the filth, ruin, and uninhabitableness, the defiance of all considerations of cleanliness, ventilation, and health which characterise the construction of this single district, containing at least twenty to thirty thousand inhabitants. And such a district exists in the heart of the second city of England, the first manufacturing city of the world. If any one wishes to see in how little space a human being can move, how little air - and such air! - he can breathe, how little of civilisation he may share and yet live, it is only necessary to travel hither." (Engels.F. 1844 p.84 ) The publication, in 1842, of the" Report on the Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population of Great Britain" elicited, and perhaps foresaw, the protests of disbelief. Edwin Chadwick was responsible for the report and also invoked the image of the "unknown country" as Henry Mayhew later did to bring to public attention the abysmal conditions with which the labouring poor had to contend. His principal concern appeared to be with "the miasma" emanating from decaying matter "the poisonous exhalations" which were the source of their physical, moral and mental deterioration. At the height of the cholera epidemic, the flushing of the sewers in order to dissipate the miasma, actually aggravated the problem by further contamination of the water supply, in the face of the advice which stated that the disease was spread by germs and infection.

Globalization and the Good and the Bad Effect It Brings to the Economy and the Employment in Sri Lanka Essay

Introduction This assignment is done on Globalization and the good and the bad effect it brings to the economy and the employment in Sri Lanka. Main Date Source used was Wikipedia to gain the data of GDP, GDP per capita rates, unemployment rate, import & export rates etc. Defining of the terms economy, employment in the formal sector and informal sector is done to give meaning to the assignment. The economy and its structural changes and the contribution to the economy and comparison with another country is done. The country that has been taken into consideration as the comparison is Singapore. The reasons to compare with Singapore is that it has high rate of GDP per capita, GDP, export & income rates etc and it is a world leader in several economic areas. Economy & Employment in Sri Lanka An Economy consists of the economic system of a country or other area; the labour, capital, and land resources; and the manufacturing, production, trade, distribution, and consumption of goods and services of that area. A given economy is the result of a process that involves its technological evolution, history and social organization, as well as its geography, natural resource endowment, and ecology, as main factors. These factors give context, content, and set the conditions and parameters in which an economy functions. [Citation: Wikipedia] Employment is a contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. Employment opportunity comes directly from investment (including foreign direct investment and investment bank) to gain excessive profit in a Business plan in the capitalist economy. [Citation: Wikipedia] Economy & Employment in Formal Sector & Informal Sector The informal sector or informal economy is a part of an economy that is not taxed, monitored by any form of government, or included in any gross national product (GNP), unlike the formal economy. Other terms used for informal sector can include the black market, shadow economy and the underground economy. The informal economy: * Do not have any rules or agreements in written form or implied terms. * Exists simply on verbal understanding. * Do not have fixed wages, fixed number of work hours and mostly relies on daily earnings where they are unable to do savings. * Sometimes the work environment is packed and unclean or untidy. * Socialization process of this sector is very poor when it comes to addressing their difficulties to another party for relief or redress. People working as small traders, home based workers, cobblers, labourers, small farmers and three wheel drivers are some employment belongs to informal sector. The formal economy: * Has a structured system of employment with clear rules and regulations, recruitment, agreement and responsibilities of jobs. * Relationship between the Employer and employee is through formal contract where each party is bound by the law of the country for any disputes arising. * Employees are required to work for fixed number of hours and receives fixed remuneration with additions to other perks. * Work environment is hygienic and decent. * Entitled to obtain leave, savings, loans etc. * Organized association or union is available to address grievances. * Covered by social protection such as insurance schemes, pension systems, gratuity etc. People working in the public sector, semi-government sector, private sector, government services, banks, universities, colleges, institutes etc belong to the formal sector. Sri Lanka consists of 65,610km2 total land area with a population of 20 million with three ethnic groups of Sinhala, Tamil and Muslim. Sri Lanka has 92.5% literacy rate among the total population where youth literacy is 98% and computer literacy rate at 35%. The free education system was established in 1945 providing opportunities from primary to territory stage education. The public universities in Sri Lanka are 15. However, due to the gap in the demand and the supply of labour, new private institutions have immerged affiliation with other developed countries. As a result of globalization, students who are unable to enter into public universities get the opportunity to go to other countries on student visa with work permits to earn an extra income during studies. Due to government changes the education system is highly influenced and results in poor structuring leading student to migrate for higher education, sending local funds to another country influencing the economy and increasing the government deficit. After the independence (1948) the economy structures started to change with a nominal growth but once again due to the riots in 1983 and effects of war, growth came to diminish. In 2009 the war ended creating once again a rapid growth as the fastest growing economies. According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) output is US$ 59.17 billion in 2011. GDP Per Capita PPP is US$ 1,402 in 2011. http://www.tradingeconomics.com/sri-lanka/indicators Sri Lanka – National Statistics | MARKETS| LAST| PREVIOUS| AVERAGE| METER| TREND| UNIT| REFERENCE| FREQUENCY| | CURRENCY| 126.75| 127.55| 109.46| | | | Mar/2013| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | STOCK MARKET| 5680.02| 5635.90| 6010.25| | | Index points| Mar/2013| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | GDP| LAST| PREVIOUS| AVERAGE| METER| TREND| UNIT| REFERENCE| FREQUENCY| | GDP PER CAPITA| 1402.12| 1295.75| 602.64| | | USD| Dec/2011| Yearly| View| | | | | | | | | | | GDP PER CAPITA PPP| 5619.92| 5106.34| 2393.29| | | USD| Dec/2011| Yearly| View| | | | | | | | | | | GDP| 59.17| 49.55| 11.40| | | USD Billion| Dec/2011| Yearly| View| | | | | | | | | | | GDP GROWTH RATE| 4.80| 6.40| 6.44| | | Percent| Sep/2012| Quarterly| View| | | | | | | | | | | GDP ANNUAL GROWTH RATE| 4.80| 6.40| 6.44| | | Percent| Sep/2012| Quarterly| View| | | | | | | | | | | GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT| 6470617.00| 5534327.00| 840878.18| | | LKR Million| Jun/2011| Yearly| View| | | | | | | | | | | LABOUR| LAST| PREVIOUS| AVERAGE| METER| TREND| UNIT| REFERENCE| FREQUENCY| | POPULATION| 20.87| 20.45| 15.75| | | Million| Dec/2011| Yearly| View| | | | | | | | | | | UNEMPLOYMENT RATE| 4.10| 3.90| 6.01| | | Percent| Sep/2012| Quarterly| View| | | | | | | | | | | EMPLOYED PERSONS| 7430.00| 7236.00| 6294.82| | | Thousand Persons| Dec/2011| Yearly| View| | | | | | | | | | | UNEMPLOYED PERSONS| 308.00| 375.00| 614.00| | | Thousand Persons| Dec/2011| Yearly| View| | | | | | | | | | | WAGES| 68.30| 68.30| 80.41| | | Index Points| Nov/2012| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | PRICES| LAST| PREVIOUS| AVERAGE| METER| TREND| UNIT| REFERENCE| FREQUENCY| | INFLATION RATE| 9.80| 9.80| 10.57| | | Percent| Feb/2013| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | CONSUMER PRICE INDEX (CPI)| 170.70| 170.00| 61.98| | | Index Points| Feb/2013| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | EXPORT PRICES| 118.70| 107.70| 80.01| | | Index Points| Aug/2012| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | GDP DEFLATOR| 228.46| 211.83| 168.50| | | Index Points| Jun/2011| Yearly| View| | | | | | | | | | | IMPORT PRICES| 133.40| 117.60| 74.03| | | Index Points| Aug/2012| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | PRODUCER PRICES| 220.21| 216.55| 56.12| | | Index Points| Feb/2011| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | MONEY| LAST| PREVIOUS| AVERAGE| METER| TREND| UNIT| REFERENCE| FREQUENCY| | INTEREST RATE| 7.50| 7.50| 8.42| | | Percent| Mar/2013| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES| 874510.80| 845353.30| 141026.03| | | LKR Million| Dec/2012| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | INTERBANK RATE| 11.41| 11.35| 11.52| | | Percent| Aug/2012| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | MONEY SUPPLY M0| 303095.00| 297324.00| 50021.34| | | LKR Million| Jul/2012| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | MONEY SUPPLY M1| 450049.00| 430000.00| 118099.84| | | LKR Million| Dec/2012| MONTHLY| View| | | | | | | | | | | MONEY SUPPLY M2| 2593185.00| 2529800.00| 478073.30| | | LKR Million| Dec/2012| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | TRADE| LAST| PREVIOUS| AVERAGE| METER| TREND| UNIT| REFERENCE| FREQUENCY| | CURRENT ACCOUNT TO GDP| -7.80| -2.20| -5.94| | | Percent| Dec/2011| Yearly| View| | | | | | | | | | | BALANCE OF TRADE| -641.20| -992.90| -972.09| | | USD Million| Dec/2012| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | CURRENT ACCOUNT| -126325.90| -189897.00| -33677.92| | | LKR Million| Feb/2012| Quarterly| View| | | | | | | | | | | EXPORTS| 871.00| 827.60| 1578.62| | | USD Million| Dec/2012| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | IMPORTS| 1512.20| 1820.50| 2543.45| | | USD Million| Dec/2012| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | EXTERNAL DEBT| 2981500.00| 2995800.00| 726582.34| | | LKR Million| Sep/2012| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | TERMS OF TRADE| 88.90| 91.60| 112.22| | | Index Points| Aug/2012| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | GOVERNMENT| LAST| PREVIOUS| AVERAGE| METER| TREND| UNIT| REFERENCE| FREQUENCY| | GOVERNMENT DEBT TO GDP| 78.50| 81.90| 92.63| | | Percent| Dec/2011| Yearly| View| | | | | | | | | | | CREDIT RATING| 37.50| | | | | | | | View| | | | | | | | | | | GOVERNMENT BUDGET| -6.20| -6.90| -7.85| | | Percent of GDP| Dec/2012| Yearly| View| | | | | | | | | | | GOVERNMENT EXTERNAL DEBT| 2981500.00| 2995800.00| 726582.34| | | LKR Million| Sep/2012| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | GOVERNMENT SPENDING| 967702.00| 872610.00| 119258.79| | | LKR Million| Jun/2011| Yearly| View| | | | | | | | | | | BUSINESS| LAST| PREVIOUS| AVERAGE| METER| TREND| UNIT| REFERENCE| FREQUENCY| | CAPACITY UTILIZATION| 83.00| 82.00| 82.00| | | Percent| Jun/2011| Yearly| View| | | | | | | | | | | CAR REGISTRATIONS| 1880.00| 1718.00| 1575.43| | | Cars| Aug/2012| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | CHANGES IN INVENTORIES| 186318.00| 93498.00| 92964.91| | | LKR Million| Jun/2011| Yearly| View| | | | | | | | | | | HOUSING INDEX| 2390.00| 2811.00| 2817.60| | | | May/2012| QUARTERLY| View| | | | | | | | | | | INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION| 0.20| 4.10| 7.17| | | Percent| Jun/2012| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | CONSUMER| LAST| PREVIOUS| AVERAGE| METER| TREND| UNIT| REFERENCE| FREQUENCY| | BANK LENDING RATE| 14.30| 14.40| 13.97| | | Percent| Jan/2013| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | CONSUMER SPENDING| 4568393.00| 3651578.00| 593007.09| | | LKR Million| Jun/2011| Yearly| View| | | | | | | | | | | PERSONAL SAVINGS| 15.40| 19.30| 16.69| | | Percent| Jun/2011| Yearly| View| | | | | | | | | | | Globalization & Sri Lanka In the 20th Century Sri Lanka had a Plantation economy where production and export was cinnamon, rubber and Ceylon tea. Due to the changes implemented on government economic policies and many industries were nationalised made a greater impact on main sectors of the economy. In 1977, Free Market Economy (Liberalization) was introduced to the country adaption of privatization, deregulation and promoting of private enterprises. Production and export of tea, rubber, coffee, sugar and other commodities remains there has been an increase in the industrialization on food processing, textiles, telecommunication and finance. Main economic sectors of the country are tourism, tea export, clothing, rice production and other agricultural products. In addition to theses economic sectors overseas employment contributes hugely to the foreign exchange mainly from the Middle East. Contribution to GDP from services sector is 60%, industrial sector 28% and agriculture sector 12%. The private sector contribution is 85% of the economy. According to internal sources, the per capita of Sri Lanka has double since the year 2005 and during the same time period a drop of 15.2% to 7.6% on poverty and a drop of 7.2% to 4.9% of unemployment indicated. 90% of the houses in the country are electrified. 87.3% has access to drinking water and 39% to pipe borne water. A drop in income inequality is also recognized. After globalization and the liberalization with the improvement on technology Sri Lanka’s cellular subscriber base increased in 550% growth from 2005 to 2010. Sri Lanka was the 1st country to introduce 3G (third generation), 3.5G HSDPA, 3.75G HSUPA and 4G LTE mobile broad band internet technologies. World economy forum has listed Sri Lanka ranking 52nd in the global competitiveness also 8th in the World Giving Index in charitable behaviour to the society. Although poverty has reduced to some extent the malnutrition among children still remains in a higher level reporting 29% of the children being under-weight and also a severe percentage being anaemic. Positive impact has occurred after ending of the cruel war towards the road network of Sri Lanka with the help of other countries human capital and technologies. Sri Lanka has 35 A grade highways and 1 controlled – access highway (E01) The railway network is operated by the state run national railway operator. The transport sector has not contributed much to the globalization where there are many difficulties faced facilitating society. There are three deep-water ports at Colombo, Galle and Trincomalee where Trincomalee port is recognized as the 5th largest natural harbour in the world. Newest addition is the port built in Hambatota. Earlier there was only Sri Lankan Airlines and one International airport in the country. But Air transportation has expanded to a new stage with the new international air port being built in Mattala, Hambantota and also domestic plane service to Jaffna & Colombo has being restarted with sea plane services attracting tourism to the country. This has helped to create many jobs in the service sector. With a grant of 20 million dollars from the US and assistance from China, a space academy is to be set up for launch of satellites of other nations and as well as for domestic purpose. On 26th September 2012, Sri Lanka launched its 1st satellite with the intention of more launches in coming years. Even though the national sport in Sri Lanka is volleyball, Cricket has played a major role by rising from underdog status to winning 1996 Cricket World Cup, creating more opportunity to attract foreign investments and other trades to the country. Hence, Globalization has supported to promote economy & employment of Sri Lanka towards a better growth and expansion. Singapore economy towards globalization Republic of Singapore is a Southeast Asian country which claimed independence from the British in the year 1963 and was separated from Malaysia two years later. It has a land area of 710km2. Just like Sri Lanka it has three ethnic groups, Chinese, Malays and Indians, totalling to population of 5 million. Before independence the GDP per capita of Singapore was US$ 511, this was due to the Suez Canal opening and being the British Naval Base in the region. After the independence a modern economy was created through foreign direct investments. Today Singapore has a highly developed market base economy and is one of the original Four Asian Tigers. Its economy is known as the freest, innovative, friendliest and most competitive one. Also Singapore is ranked as one of the least corrupted countries in the world. The GDP per capita is USD 33,529.83 in 2011 and GDP is USD 239.7 billion in 2011 according to the attached graph. Singapore claims to be the world’s fourth leading financial centre and its port is one of the five busiest ports in the world. The economy of Singapore depends heavily on exports and refining imported goods which contributed 26% GDP. When compared to Sri Lanka, Singapore has the third highest per capita income in the world (IMF) where Sri Lanka is placed at the rank of 144 (according to web sources). Transport service in Singapore is mainly by public bus or train. Very limited people have the opportunity to buy vehicles due to the high taxes imposed to reduce traffic in the cities and therefore, cut the waiting time and cost of fuel. Singapore has made extensive plans to improve peak hour capacity from 2015 to 2016 by adding more trains and upgrading the signalling systems where the waiting time will be reduced to no more than five minutes. But in Sri Lanka, the transportation plays a poor role where communities have to go through many difficulties in public transport systems. Because of such problems the Three Wheeler market came to immerge playing a major part in transport systems. Bus services in Sri Lanka are very poor and waiting time is between 15 to 30 minutes in some cases where train services are concerned, the waiting time is much more that the bus services. Railway systems have to be improved vastly to facilitate the transportation in the country where the Government has to seriously take actions in implementation of such plans. Importing goods and services in Singapore is lower than the export rate where in Sri Lanka importing (USD 1,512.20) rate is higher than the exporting USD 871) rate. Sri Lankan government should impose new laws on imports and provide opportunity for innovations and new products within the country where the deficit could be minimised. Improving exports would facilitate to foreign exchange. Toursim in Singapore is a main attraction and contributes largely to the economy and according to web sources 10.2 million tourists have visited the country in 2007. In 2005, the government leagalized gambling with the idea of attracting more tourist. Singapore is promoting a medical tourism hub with the expectation to serve to serve one million foreign patients annually since foreigners tend to seek more medical care in Singapore. Singapore also functions as an Education Hub where 80,000 international students were reported in the year 2006 and it has been increasing ever since. The infrastructure, science and technology plays a main role in Singapore. Internet in Singapore offer residential plans of speeds upto 1Gbit/s increasing exports and creating 80,000 jobs in 2006. Telecommunication include services over 6 million subscribers as sources say. Singapore plays the major role in international transport hub in Asia since it is positioned on many sea and air trade routes. It is recognized as the world’s biggest ship refuelling centre. Even though Singapore is smaller than Sri Lanka, they are consisted with 08 airports in the country with a network of 80 airlines connecting Singapore to 200 cities in 68 countries. SINGAPORE – NATIONAL STATISTICS | MARKETS| LAST| PREVIOUS| AVERAGE| METER| TREND| UNIT| REFERENCE| FREQUENCY| | STOCK MARKET| 3283.85| 3269.95| 2382.15| | | Index points| Mar/2013| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | GOVERNMENT BOND 10Y| 1.56| 1.53| 3.05| | | Percent| Mar/2013| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | CURRENCY| 1.25| 1.24| 1.71| | | | Mar/2013| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | GDP| LAST| PREVIOUS| AVERAGE| METER| TREND| UNIT| REFERENCE| FREQUENCY| | GDP GROWTH RATE| 3.30| -4.60| 5.34| | | Percent| Dec/2012| Quarterly| View| | | | | | | | | | | GDP ANNUAL GROWTH RATE| 1.50| 0.00| 4.74| | | Percent| Dec/2012| Quarterly| View| | | | | | | | | | | GDP PER CAPITA| 33529.83| 32537.76| 13907.50| | | USD| Dec/2011| Yearly| View| | | | | | | | | | | GDP PER CAPITA PPP| 61103.36| 57901.56| 28642.70| | | USD| Dec/2011| Yearly| View| | | | | | | | | | | GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT| 341640.90| 331346.70| 92568.84| | | SGD Million| Jun/2012| Yearly| View| | | | | | | | | | | GDP| 239.70| 222.70| 51.84| | | USD Billion| Dec/2011| Yearly| View| | | | | | | | | | | LABOUR| LAST| PREVIOUS| AVERAGE| METER| TREND| UNIT| REFERENCE| FREQUENCY| | POPULATION| 5.18| 5.08| 3.02| | | Million| Dec/2011| Yearly| View| | | | | | | | | | | EMPLOYED PERSONS| 3358.10| 3228.50| 2441.83| | | Thousand Persons| Dec/2012| Yearly| View| | | | | | | | | | | JOB VACANCIES| 56400.00| 47300.00| 33332.61| | | Jobs| Aug/2012| Quarterly| View| | | | | | | | | | | LABOUR COSTS| 129.90| 111.47| 96.48| | | Index Points| Nov/2012| Quarterly| View| | | | | | | | | | | PRODUCTIVITY| -2.50| -3.80| 2.26| | | Percent| Nov/2012| Quarterly| View| | | | | | | | | | | UNEMPLOYED PERSONS| 87.10| 87.40| 57.91| | | Thousand Persons| Jun/2012| Yearly| View| | | | | | | | | | | WAGES| 4773.00| 4078.00| 2943.95| | | SGD| Nov/2012| Quarterly| View| | | | | | | | | | | WAGES IN MANUFACTURING| 4903.00| 4057.00| 4354.69| | | SGD| Nov/2012| Quarterly| View| | | | | | | | | | | UNEMPLOYMENT RATE| 1.80| 1.90| 2.53| | | Percent| Dec/2012| Quarterly| View| | | | | | | | | | | PRICES| LAST| PREVIOUS| AVERAGE| METER| TREND| UNIT| REFERENCE| FREQUENCY| | CORE INFLATION RATE| 0.20| -0.70| 0.54| | | Percent| Aug/2012| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | INFLATION RATE| 3.60| 4.30| 2.82| | | Percent| Jan/2013| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | CONSUMER PRICE INDEX (CPI)| 115.40| 115.18| 66.45| | | Index Points| Jan/2013| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | CORE CONSUMER PRICES| 113.11| 113.07| 92.60| | | Index Points| Jan/2013| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | EXPORT PRICES| 97.07| 96.01| 126.74| | | Index Points| Jan/2013| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | GDP DEFLATOR| 115.53| 112.22| 86.86| | | Index Points| Nov/2012| Quarterly| View| | | | | | | | | | | IMPORT PRICES| 97.50| 96.16| 95.82| | | Index Points| Jan/2013| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | PRODUCER PRICES| 104.79| 102.60| 91.24| | | Index Points| Jan/2013| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | MONEY| LAST| PREVIOUS| AVERAGE| METER| TREND| UNIT| REFERENCE| FREQUENCY| | INTEREST RATE| 0.04| 0.05| 1.69| | | Percent| Feb/2013| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES| 320732.80| 320506.30| 96071.84| | | SGD Million| Feb/2013| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | INTERBANK RATE| 0.38| 0.38| 2.66| | | Percent| Feb/2013| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | LOANS TO PRIVATE SECTOR| 290789.90| 284237.50| 149869.88| | | SGD Million| Jan/2013| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | MONEY SUPPLY M0| 27479.40| 26361.30| 9284.27| | | SGD Million| Jan/2013| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | MONEY SUPPLY M1| 144981.00| 140709.10| 27659.49| | | SGD Million| Jan/2013| MONTHLY| View| | | | | | | | | | | MONEY SUPPLY M2| 484447.30| 475392.50| 126823.47| | | SGD Million| Jan/2013| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | MONEY SUPPLY M3| 495021.70| 485915.40| 138597.08| | | SGD Million| Jan/2013| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | TRADE| LAST| PREVIOUS| AVERAGE| METER| TREND| UNIT| REFERENCE| FREQUENCY| | EXPORTS| 42963079.00| 42836030.00| 17413779.37| | | Thousand SGD| Jan/2013| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | CURRENT ACCOUNT TO GDP| 21.90| 24.40| 10.91| | | Percent| Dec/2011| Yearly| View| | | | | | | | | | | CURRENT ACCOUNT| 12814.60| 16976.50| 7104.59| | | Million SGD| Nov/2012| Quarterly| View| | | | | | | | | | | IMPORTS| 39705603.00| 37883528.00| 17625168.62| | | Thousand SGD| Jan/2013| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | EXTERNAL DEBT| 0.00| 0.00| 8.86| | | SGD Million| Dec/2012| Quarterly| View| | | | | | | | | | | TERMS OF TRADE| 99.56| 99.84| 128.66| | | Index Points| Jan/2013| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | BALANCE OF TRADE| 4687576.40| 3736394.50| -204106.69| | | Thousand SGD| Jan/2013| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | GOVERNMENT| LAST| PREVIOUS| AVERAGE| METER| TREND| UNIT| REFERENCE| FREQUENCY| | CREDIT RATING| 98.60| | | | | | | | View| | | | | | | | | | | GOVERNMENT DEBT TO GDP| 100.80| 101.20| 84.89| | | Percent| Dec/2011| Yearly| View| | | | | | | | | | | GOVERNMENT EXTERNAL DEBT| 0.00| 0.00| 8.86| | | SGD Million| Dec/2012| Quarterly| View| | | | | | | | | | | GOVERNMENT SPENDING| 6910.30| 7204.70| 3226.73| | | SGD Million| Nov/2012| Quarterly| View| | | | | | | | | | | GOVERNMENT BUDGET| 0.70| 0.30| 9.94| | | Percent of GDP| Dec/2011| Yearly| View| | | | | | | | | | | BUSINESS| LAST| PREVIOUS| AVERAGE| METER| TREND| UNIT| REFERENCE| FREQUENCY| | INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION| -0.40| 1.30| 6.49| | | Percent| Jan/2013| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | BANKRUPTCIES| 149.00| 195.00| 238.14| | | Companies| Dec/2012| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | BUSINESS CONFIDENCE| -10.00| -10.00| 10.93| | | | Feb/2013| Quarterly| View| | | | | | | | | | | CAR REGISTRATIONS| 4273.00| 3803.00| 6751.17| | | Cars| Jan/2013| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | CHANGES IN INVENTORIES| 5770.70| 1036.60| 380.44| | | SGD Million| Nov/2012| Quarterly| View| | | | | | | | | | | CONSUMER| LAST| PREVIOUS| AVERAGE| METER| TREND| UNIT| REFERENCE| FREQUENCY| | RETAIL SALES MOM| 2.10| -0.22| 0.63| | | Percent| Dec/2012| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | RETAIL SALES YOY| -1.50| -1.20| 3.18| | | Percent| Dec/2012| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | BANK LENDING RATE| 5.38| 5.38| 6.79| | | Percent| Feb/2013| Monthly| View| | | | | | | | | | | CONSUMER SPENDING| 27426.10| 27008.00| 13037.62| | | SGD Million| Nov/2012| Quarterly| View| | Impact on economy and employment due to globalization: * Free trade can speed up production and labour costs including higher wages for skills, new technologies, expertise services etc. To level up with the globalized economy, more skills, knowledge, training and development have to given to the work force where they will be developed further and could attract the international job market. But at the same time it consists of a high cost to train the workforce and be competitive at the same time and retaining the trained people. * Globalization promotes employment opportunities towards international market where wealthy companies can profit and bring failure to smaller companies due to the inability to compete globally. In one way it creates multinational firm to expand more making them part of the globalization economy while opening room for the smaller companies to withdraw from the international trade. * The urgency to compete may lead to over use of natural resources to meet higher demands in the production process. * Due to globalization, Internet services have been extended in many ways to access many sites where youth in Sri Lanka nowadays spend most of their time in internet cafes with sighting illegal/improper web sites causing brain damage if engaged in a longer period. Awareness programs should be held and laws to be imposed to block such sites as illegal may lead Sri Lanka to a corruption free country to at least some extent. Rather the use of internet can contribute to enhance educational knowledge in a major way due to the easy access. Yet, Sri Lanka has the potential to create more jobs in the software and the tourism industry as many youth in the country plays an ‘idle’ time awaiting their Advanced Level examination results. Some drop out during university education trying to find jobs. [According to the Labour Force Survey (2nd quarter 2012) youth unemployment has a significant raise] Compared to Singapore, Sri Lanka, having the resources and the intellectual human capital is enriched with new innovations, researches and business investments to promote employment and economy through globalization and gradually receive better results in the coming years.

Cartoon Channels Essay

With the advent of satellite broadcasting technology during the mid 1970’s it became possible for Television networks to air their programs all over the world. By the 1980’s, Television established itself as a powerful medium of communication and new strategies were devised by television companies to stay ahead in the game. One such strategy was the development of programmes that targeted specific sections of the community. A few of the television channels decided to focus on children and began developing programmes that would appeal to them. It was to leverage this niche market that channels like Cartoon Network came into existence. It was launched in October 1992 in the US by one of the world’s leading media companies, Turner Broadcasting System. It offered animation programmes from TBS’s extensive library of more than 10,000 Warner Bros, Hanna-Barbera and MGM cartoons. Over the next few years the channel launched in different parts of the globe showing not only their famous cartoons, but also developing original shows. Cartoon Network entered India in October 1995, sharing airtime with Turner Network Television (TNT). As the pioneer in the Indian cartoon and animation market, Cartoon Network quickly gained popularity and had a huge fan base in the metropolitan cities. When Cartoon Network entered India, there were no established players and it was not very difficult for the Network to entrench itself in the minds of the children and register itself as a channel synonymous with cartoons. It established itself very quickly as a major player in the Indian satellite Television market and became a household name. In the 1990’s the entry of other leading children’s channels like Kermit and Nickelodeon created intense competition and Cartoon Network had to rethink their strategy to stay ahead in the game in the Indian cartoon market. The strategy that it worked out was the emphasis on ‘localization’. It localized the content by dubbing its cartoons first in Hindi to appeal to the Hindi-speaking audiences and then taking its localization efforts further it introduced Tamil-dubbed shows in 2000. The first dubbed programme was ‘Toon Tamasha’ and very soon it started offering localized versions of its popular cartoons. Localization is the key to success in television programming. Localizing the content to suit the needs and tastes of the audiences is the key to garner more viewership and television rating points. When Cartoon Network introduced Tamil-dubbed shows, Kathy McClaure, Vice President Programming, Turner Network, Asia, said, â€Å"The bringing in of Tamil-dubbed cartoons is to further reinforce Cartoon Network’s commitment to bring localized programming. † Some of cartoon shows that were dubbed in Hindi and Tamil were Scooby Doo, Flintstones, Swat Kats, The Mask, The Addam’s Family, Johnny Quest and Captain Planet. On account of its growing popularity it started its 24-hour non-stop service in July 2001. The 24-hour service was part of the channels global strategic mission to place cartoons and animation in level with general entertainment that appealed not just to the children but to the adults also. Today the appeal of cartoon network is not just to children between 4 and 14 years, but also to the teenagers and adults who constitute 30 to 40% of the channel’s viewership. Cartoon Network in India is the most popular cartoon dedicated television channel in India. Chutti TV was launched on April 19, 2007 and is a 24-hour Tamil language television channel owned by the Sun Network. It is Sun TV Network’s first ever television channel for kids. The target audiences are children aged between 3 and 14. It is a free-to-air channel available on most local cable television networks. It broadcasts cartoon shows of foreign countries and networks translated into Tamil. Some of the famous and most popular shows are Jackie Chan, He-Man, Astro Boy, Avatar, Dora the Explorer, Bob Morane, Lucky Luke, Spider Man, Bumba and Danny & Daddy. Disney XD or Disney Channel is another famous cartoon channel and it telecasts cartoons like The Donald Duck Show, Dennis and Gnasher and television shows like Shararat Karishma Ka Karishma, Shaka Laka Boom Boom and many more. The Donald Duck Show is based on the typical Mickey Mouse Series and there are other shows like Chip and Dale, The Rescue Rangers and Dennis the Menance. POGO is a cable and satellite television channel created by Turner Broadcsting, a unit of Time Warner for India, which primarily shows animated programming. It was launched in January 2004 as a children’s entertainment hannel like its sister channel Cartoon Network and its primary target audience is children aged 3+ to young adults aged up to 40. Pogo airs in multiple languages in India. The channel carries a number of popular animated shows as well as live action shows. Turner produces exclusive shows for Pogo under the brand name Pogo Originals. The Music Art and Dance show M. A. D. is India’s No. 1 do-it-yourself show. A super-hit 2D animated series is ‘Chhota Bheem’ which won the Best Animated TV series award at the ‘Golden Cursor Awards 2009 held in Mumbai. Chhota Bheem is produced by Green Gold Animation, Hyderabad.

The Costs Versus the Benefits of Illegal Immigration Essays

The Costs Versus the Benefits of Illegal Immigration Essays The Costs Versus the Benefits of Illegal Immigration Paper The Costs Versus the Benefits of Illegal Immigration Paper The Cost versus the Benefits of Illegal Immigration Every year thousands of people choose to leave their home country and come to the United States to start a new life. They dream of freedom and endless possibilities that they would never have in their home countries. Unfortunately, there are those who chose to disregard the law and come to this country illegally. It is estimated that there are 20 million illegal immigrants in the U. S. today. Illegal immigration affects our country in many ways. The cost of illegal immigration effects many aspects of our economy. One way in which our economy is affected is when an illegal immigrant is injured or sick and must go to the hospital. They often do not have the money to pay the bill, and the hospitals do not have a way to bill the patient as they are here illegally and either move often or give false information. The hospitals cannot refuse treatment, so this means that we, the taxpayers, must take on the burden of paying for those costs. Another affect illegal immigration has on our economy is the fact that migrant workers will work for less than minimum wage. This makes fewer jobs available for legal entry level citizens, which puts a huge strain on our economy. There is also the issue of securing our borders to keep illegal immigrants out. One of the newest resolutions to this issue is building a fence, which will cost a lot of money to build, maintain and defend. Another cost of illegal immigration is the cost of innocent American lives taken by illegal immigrants who drive without insurance or a license, and those affected by the gangs that have come out of Mexico, such as the Mexican Mafia and MS-13. One might ask, â€Å"Are there any benefits to illegal immigration? † Well, it depends on who you talk to. According to some groups, there are some pros to illegal immigration. Some think that it helps to keep the economy moving by filling low-wage jobs that many Americans do not want; it creates a bigger pool of customers for a variety of goods and services; farmers are able to plant and harvest their crops less expensively; millions of illegal’s rent properties in depressed areas where renters are hard to find. There are also those who say that illegal’s contribute to social security funds, which often go unclaimed; contribute to mortgage loan profits, open bank accounts that yield interest and dividends to bankers and purchase real estate and generate commissions for agents and brokers. (Garibaldi) In general, illegal immigrants coming from Mexico, South and Central America are trying to make money and help support their families here and abroad. Many of them are fleeing oppression, unemployment and poverty. Again, it truly depends on who you talk to in order to find any benefits to illegal immigration. From what I have been able to find, there are very few sources that include benefits of illegal immigration to the United States. There are, however, many benefits of illegal immigration for Mexico. Unfortunately, that does not do the U. S. any good. It seems to me that the negative effects far outweigh the positive effects. Many studies have been done which document the fact that illegal immigrants are a major burden on local communities. FAIR estimates that current local annual costs of illegal immigration for educating the children in public schools and providing medical services in emergency rooms and prisons amounts to approximately $36 billion. It is estimated that the yearly fiscal costs in 2010 will increase by nearly 70% to $61. 5 billion for those same program areas, and by an additional 73% by 2020. Studies done in 2004 and 2005 examining the fiscal costs of illegal immigration in California, Arizona, Texas and Florida show that the annual net costs were $8. 8 billion ($1,183 per household), $1. 3 billion ($717 per household), $3. 73 billion ($725 per household), and $. 91 billion ($315 per household) respectively. (Fairus. org) FAIR claims that illegal immigration is a key factor influencing the number of people without healthcare in the U. S. and the reason for the fiscal crisis burdening public healthcare systems. (Immigration issues) A recent study claims that one in every four people in the United State s is an immigrant. Nearly half of the immigrants living in the U. S. either have no insurance or it is provided to them at the taxpayers’ expense. As much as two-thirds of operating costs for some hospitals are for uncompensated care for sick or injured illegal aliens. This increase in uncompensated care has forces some hospitals to reduce staff, increase rates, eliminate services and shut down certain areas such as maternity wards and trauma centers. In the last ten years, legal and illegal immigrants and their children who arrived in the U. S. between 1994 and 1998 account for 59% of the growth of the uninsured population. In California, legislators are debating a government fix for the California health care market. Largely because of government policies, regulations and mandates, the cost of hiring a legal employee in California far exceeds the cost of hiring the same employees in Oregon, Nevada, Arizona and Washington. The tax burden on California businesses far exceeds the burdens on businesses in those same states, and despite its abundant energy resources, California pays more for energy than any other state except Hawaii. So how can businesses survive in this kind of environment? Some move out of state, while others choose a different route. Some pay employees under the table, some hire illegal aliens and participate in an underground economy. Theses underground economies, or black markets, exist in response to avoid government costs and regulations. These underground economies are not fair to legitimate business people and can have many bad side effects, such as the cost illegal immigration inflicts on the public education system, hospital emergency rooms and prisons. (Healthcare Reform and Illegal Immigration) The net annual cost of immigration has been estimated at between $67 and $87 billion a year. The National Academy of Sciences found that the net fiscal drain on American taxpayers is between $166 and $226 a year per native household. Economic Costs) Many issues arise when a company, large or small chooses to hire an illegal immigrant over an American citizen. In the end, nobody truly benefits. For awhile, the company may benefit because their operating costs will be lower. However, when they are eventually caught, the resulting fines and the loss of business due to being shut down will quickly overturn the amount s aved by hiring the illegal. This also has a negative effect on the American citizen who now must rely on welfare because the illegal immigrant took the only job available. More and more people have to rely on welfare which puts even more of a burden on all taxpayers. Between 40 and 50 percent of wage-loss among low-skilled Americans is due to the in-migration of low-skilled workers. Many American workers lose their jobs through unfair competition. An estimated 1,880,000 American workers are displaced from their jobs every year by immigration and the cost for providing welfare and assistance to these Americans is over $15 billion a year FAIR research. (Economic Costs) Many wonder if a border fence is a good solution to keeping illegal immigrants out of the U. S. It has been the topic of many debates around the country. There are many people on both sides of the issue. According to many north and south of the fence, it is working. Since about only one fifth of the fence is complete, those who planned to cross where the fence is now can simply go elsewhere. U. S. officials have vowed to complete nearly 400 of the 700 miles of the fence by the end of 2008. The big question is how much this the fence going to cost? The House Appropriations Committee estimates that the fence will cost around $9 million per mile, for a total cost of approximately $6. billion. However, the House Homeland Security committee estimates that the fence will cost about $2 to $4 billion. Some say the fence could cost upwards of $50 billion to build. There is also the issue of maintaining the fence. It is estimated that maintaining the fence could cost nearly $70 million per mile over its 25 year life span. Will the benefits of the fence outweigh the costs associated wi th building the fence? It all depends on who you ask. Some say the fence is pointless if it does not cut deep enough into the ground since the discovery of more and more tunnels linking the U. S. and Mexico. Some critics joke that if the fence is 10 feet tall, illegal immigrants would find shovels that are 11 feet tall. Others feel that we have to do whatever it takes to protect our borders and keep illegal immigrants out. It is not a violation of the law to leave the scene of an accident in Mexico as it is in the United States. It should not be surprising that Mexicans driving in the U. S. , especially those here illegally and driving without a license or insurance are more likely to flee from the scene of a car accident than a U. S. driver. (Fairus. rg) There are ten states that do not require ‘lawful proof of presence’ for an applicant to obtain a drivers license. In these ten states, Hawaii, Maryland, Michigan, Montana, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oregon, Utah, Washington and Wisconsin, 14. 4% of traffic fatalities are caused be non licensed drivers, compared to the national average of 13. 6%. The top ten states containing the highest population of illegal immigrants are California, Texas, New York, Arizona, Florida, Illinois, Georgia, North Carolina, New Jersey and Colorado. In these states, 14. 6% of fatalities from car accidents are caused by unlicensed drivers. The percentage of hit-and-run drivers is higher in these states as well. Some say that illegal immigration is a ‘victimless crime’. Consider this: Over 25% of today’s prison population consists of illegal aliens. Violent crime and drug possession and distribution are prevalent among illegal immigrants. In Los Angeles, 95% of about 1500 outstanding warrants for homicides are for illegal aliens. About 67% of the 17,000 outstanding fugitive felony warrants are for illegal aliens. There are currently over 400,000 unaccounted for illegal alien criminals with outstanding deportation orders, of which at least 25% are hard core criminals. There are 80,000 to 100,000 illegal’s who have been convicted of serious crimes that are walking the streets. Some studies say they will commit on average 13 serious crimes per offender. At least 4. 5 million pounds of cocaine is smuggled across the southern border every year. Illegal immigrants commit anywhere from 700,000 to 1,289,000 or more crimes in a given year. Approximately 2,158 murders are committed by illegal immigrants each year. Illegal sexual predators commit an estimated 130,900 sex crimes every year. There are approximately 240,000 illegal sex offenders throughout the United States, who will commit an average of 8 sex crimes before being caught. Nearly 63% of these sex offenders have been deported on another offense prior to committing the sex crime. Only 2% of illegal sex offenders had no history of criminal behavior. Though nobody knows just how big, the sex slave problem is enormous. The horribly brutal gang MS-13 has over 15,000 members and is in at least 33 states. Given these facts, how could illegal immigration possibly be considered a ‘victimless crime’? (usillegalaliens. om) It would take a much longer than this paper allows to cover all of the possible costs of illegal immigration. From what I could find, the costs far outweigh the benefits of this issue. Illegal immigration cannot be ignored- something must be done. It is not fair to the immigrants who chose to follow the law and come to this country legally so that they may become true American citizens a nd live â€Å"The American Dream. † Without immigrants, the United States of America would not be what it is today. We are all from somewhere else, and while the laws were different when many of our ancestors came here, the law is the law and must be followed. Today’s lawmakers are on their way to funding a solution. The fence is a good place to start. That cannot work without extensive immigration reform. There cannot be sanctuary cities. If someone wants to come to this country to make a better life for themselves and their families, they must follow the law, become legal citizens, learn about our country and learn to speak English. Illegal immigration is a crime and is not acceptable. The United States and it’s citizens simply cannot afford it. Economic Costs. The American Resistance. 6 April 2008 theamericanresistance. om/issues/economic_costs. html. Editorials. 12 July 2007. MySanAntonio. com. 6 April 2008 mysanantonio. com/opinion/editorials/stories/MYSA071307. 01O. tunnel1ed. 27514e8. html. Fairus. org. 6 April 2008 fairus. org/. Garibaldi, Mario. 8 MAY 2006. Searchwarp. com. 6 April 2008 http://searchwarp. com/swa61485. htm. Healthcare Reform and Illegal Immigration. 14 June 2007. Ventura County Republican Part y. 6 April 2008 vcrcc. org/press/index. cfm/ID/131. htm. Immigration issues. 2008. About. com. 6 April 2008 http://immigration. about. om/cs/economicslabor/i/ImmHealthCCosts_2. htm. Priestap, Kim. Dont Tell the Pro-Illegal Immigration Crowd: The Border Fence is Working. 5 November 2007. Wizbangblog. com. 6 April 2008 http://wizbangblog. com/content/2007/11/05/dont-tell-the-proillegal-immigration-crowd-the-border-fence-is-working. php. usillegalaliens. com. 6 April 2008 usillegalaliens. com/impacts_of_illegal_immigration_crime_summary. html. Viqueira, Mike. First Read- The cost of that border dence. 26 October 2006. MSNBC. MSN. COM. 6 April 2008 http://firstread. msnbc. msn. com/archive/2006/10/26/8879. aspx.

What Is Oxford Referencing

What Is Oxford Referencing What Is Oxford Referencing? Many schools recommend Oxford referencing for citing sources in academic writing. But what exactly is this system? And how does it work? In today’s blog post, we look at the basics of Oxford referencing. Q1: What Is Oxford Referencing? Oxford referencing is a footnote and bibliography system. This means   you should give citations in footnotes, indicated with superscript numbers: Usually at the end of a sentence, like this.1 The first footnote for each source should include full publication information, as well as a pinpoint reference (i.e., the specific page or section cited). And although you provide the source information here, you will also need to list it in the bibliography at the end of your document. Q2: Where Can I Find the Rules for Oxford Referencing? Technically, â€Å"Oxford referencing† is not a system so much as a group of related citation styles (otherwise known as the footnote–bibliography style). Consequently, there aren’t any â€Å"official† rules for Oxford referencing. Your best bet is to check your school’s style guide, which should specify the rules to use. There are plenty of online sources, too, but these might differ from the version preferred by your institution. Ultimately, if your referencing is clear and consistent, slight variations shouldn’t matter too much. But it never hurts to check whether your school has a style guide available. Q3: What Goes in Footnotes? As above, this depends slightly on the version of the system you’re using. It also depends on the source type (e.g., book, website, video). But in general, the key details to include are: Author’s name Title of the book, article, or web page Title of the journal, website, or edited book Place of publication Date of publication Page or section numbers For online sources, you should also give a URL and a date of access. Repeat citations of the same source, meanwhile, will typically use either Latin abbreviations (e.g., ibid., op. cit., loc. cit.) or a shortened citation format. For example, we could use the following shortened citation style: 1. C. Alexander, Mrs Chippy’s Last Expedition: The Remarkable Journey of Shackleton’s Polar-Bound Cat, London, Bloomsbury, 1991, p. 24. 2. A. Moretti, Cats of the Internet [website], 2014, www.felinesonline.com/gallery, accessed June 6, 2017. 3. Alexander, p. 30. Here, for example, we’ve shortened the third citation to just the author’s surname and a page number. And as long as we only cite one source by â€Å"Alexander† in the document, this will be enough for the reader to know which source we’re citing each time. Q4: How About the Bibliography? Bibliography entries in Oxford referencing are usually similar to the first footnote citation for the same source. The main differences are that: You do not need to give a pinpoint reference. Give the first named author’s names surname first (e.g., â€Å"Smith, S.† instead of â€Å"S. Smith†) so that you can list sources by author surname. For example, we would list the entry for the book in the example above as: Alexander, C., Mrs Chippy’s Last Expedition: The Remarkable Journey of Shackleton’s Polar-Bound Cat, London, Bloomsbury, 1997. Q5: What Does Any of This Have to Do with Oxford? Very little. It is sometimes associated with the University of Oxford, but it’s not the only referencing system used there. However, most versions of Oxford referencing are variations of the footnote and bibliography system set out in the OUP’s New Oxford Style Manual.